![]() ![]() ![]() By adjusting the switching time of the transistor, the output voltage can be closely controlled without dissipating energy as heat in a linear regulator. The switched-mode supply uses a ferrite-cored high frequency transformer and power transistors that switch thousands of times per second. The Apple II, also introduced in 1977, was noted for its switched-mode power supply, which was lighter and smaller than an equivalent linear power supply would have been, and which had no cooling fan. This standby voltage may be generated by a small linear power supply inside the unit or a switching power supply, sharing some components with the main unit to save cost and energy.įirst-generation microcomputer and home computer power supply units used a heavy step-down transformer and a linear power supply, as used, in for example, the Commodore PET introduced in 1977. Standby power allows a computer to be started remotely via wake-on-LAN and Wake-on-ring or locally via Keyboard Power ON (KBPO) if the motherboard supports it. Some PSUs can also supply a standby voltage, so that most of the computer system can be powered off after preparing for hibernation or shutdown, and powered back on by an event. A power supply rail or voltage rail refers to a single voltage provided by a PSU. Several direct-current voltages are required, and they must be regulated with some accuracy to provide stable operation of the computer. The desktop computer power supply converts the alternating current (AC) from a wall socket of mains electricity to a low-voltage direct current (DC) to operate the motherboard, processor and peripheral devices. Internals of a PSU with passive PFC (left) and active PFC (right) ![]() The most recent ATX PSU standard is version 3.0 as of mid-2022. They also provide a signal to the motherboard to indicate when the DC voltages are in spec, so that the computer is able to safely power up and boot. ATX power supplies are turned on and off by a signal from the motherboard. While an ATX power supply is connected to the mains supply, it always provides a 5- volt standby (5VSB) power so that the standby functions on the computer and certain peripherals are powered. Most modern desktop personal computer power supplies conform to the ATX specification, which includes form factor and voltage tolerances. Some power supplies have a manual switch for selecting input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the main voltage. Modern personal computers universally use switched-mode power supplies. Internal computer component that provides power to other components An ATX power supply unit with top cover removedĪ power supply unit ( PSU) converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer. ![]()
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